2021年7月21日 星期三

十個步驟輕輕鬆鬆利用Mezzanine打造百香果交易行情網站



利用暑假三週開設"Python/Django程式設計-以百香果USR為例"的微學分，共20小時，參與的學生都可以獲得一個學分，敏哥以過去三年用南投百香果來開發Python教材，期待學習者能瞭解Python/Django的程式設計，也能瞭解到台灣百香果的故鄉在南投埔里鎮的合成里。

因為有些教材已經開發1-2年，在上課中，發現有些動手做的教材，還是無法順利操作，產生許多的問題，其中有一個應該是農委會的資料提供問題，透過討論以及上網搜尋資料，我們發表"此蟲非蟲"的文章。另外有些是因為Python/Django版本的問題，今天就來說明如何運用"十個步驟輕輕鬆鬆利用Mezzanine打造百香果交易網站"，因為Django版本更新，造成Mezzanine跟不上，還好經過上網有找到解決方法。

十個步驟輕輕鬆鬆利用Mezzanine打造百香果交易行情網站，其步驟如下：

1. 建立虛擬環境npf，安裝Mezzanine套件。
1.1 建立虛擬環境
mkvirtualenv npf


1.2.安裝Mezzanine套件
pip install mezzanine


2.建立Mezzanine專案
mezzanine-project npf
cd npf


3.建立資料庫
3.1 執行建立資料庫的指令

python manage.py migrate --run-syncdb


3.2 建立使用者帳號

python manage.py createsuperuser



初學者先建議用下列值：

Username：demo
Email：test@gmail.com
Password：1234
Password(again)：1234

4.啟動網站

4.1,輸入啟動網站的指令
python manage.py runserver

4.2打開瀏覽器，輸入127.0.0.1:8000
4.3進入後台，輸入127.0.0.1:8000/admin

輸入帳號和密碼，按下Log in鍵


5.下載下列網址的主題，解壓縮後，複製flat, moderna, mova, solid等目錄。
https://github.com/thecodinghouse/mezzanine-themes

把它放在mezzanine-template目錄下，並解開查看。


6.複製主題目錄：把上圖flat, moderna, mova, solid等四個目錄，複製到npf的目錄下，如下圖。

7.修改settings.py檔案，並重新整理畫面
7-1 在INSTALLED_APPS加入"moderna"的APP，在第244行黃底黑色字。

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from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
import os

from django import VERSION as DJANGO_VERSION
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _


######################
# MEZZANINE SETTINGS #
######################

# The following settings are already defined with default values in
# the ``defaults.py`` module within each of Mezzanine's apps, but are
# common enough to be put here, commented out, for conveniently
# overriding. Please consult the settings documentation for a full list
# of settings Mezzanine implements:
# http://mezzanine.jupo.org/docs/configuration.html#default-settings

# Controls the ordering and grouping of the admin menu.
#
# ADMIN_MENU_ORDER = (
#     ("Content", ("pages.Page", "blog.BlogPost",
#        "generic.ThreadedComment", (_("Media Library"), "media-library"),)),
#     ("Site", ("sites.Site", "redirects.Redirect", "conf.Setting")),
#     ("Users", ("auth.User", "auth.Group",)),
# )

# A three item sequence, each containing a sequence of template tags
# used to render the admin dashboard.
#
# DASHBOARD_TAGS = (
#     ("blog_tags.quick_blog", "mezzanine_tags.app_list"),
#     ("comment_tags.recent_comments",),
#     ("mezzanine_tags.recent_actions",),
# )

# A sequence of templates used by the ``page_menu`` template tag. Each
# item in the sequence is a three item sequence, containing a unique ID
# for the template, a label for the template, and the template path.
# These templates are then available for selection when editing which
# menus a page should appear in. Note that if a menu template is used
# that doesn't appear in this setting, all pages will appear in it.

# PAGE_MENU_TEMPLATES = (
#     (1, _("Top navigation bar"), "pages/menus/dropdown.html"),
#     (2, _("Left-hand tree"), "pages/menus/tree.html"),
#     (3, _("Footer"), "pages/menus/footer.html"),
# )

# A sequence of fields that will be injected into Mezzanine's (or any
# library's) models. Each item in the sequence is a four item sequence.
# The first two items are the dotted path to the model and its field
# name to be added, and the dotted path to the field class to use for
# the field. The third and fourth items are a sequence of positional
# args and a dictionary of keyword args, to use when creating the
# field instance. When specifying the field class, the path
# ``django.models.db.`` can be omitted for regular Django model fields.
#
# EXTRA_MODEL_FIELDS = (
#     (
#         # Dotted path to field.
#         "mezzanine.blog.models.BlogPost.image",
#         # Dotted path to field class.
#         "somelib.fields.ImageField",
#         # Positional args for field class.
#         (_("Image"),),
#         # Keyword args for field class.
#         {"blank": True, "upload_to": "blog"},
#     ),
#     # Example of adding a field to *all* of Mezzanine's content types:
#     (
#         "mezzanine.pages.models.Page.another_field",
#         "IntegerField", # 'django.db.models.' is implied if path is omitted.
#         (_("Another name"),),
#         {"blank": True, "default": 1},
#     ),
# )

# Setting to turn on featured images for blog posts. Defaults to False.
#
# BLOG_USE_FEATURED_IMAGE = True

# If True, the django-modeltranslation will be added to the
# INSTALLED_APPS setting.
USE_MODELTRANSLATION = False


########################
# MAIN DJANGO SETTINGS #
########################

# Hosts/domain names that are valid for this site; required if DEBUG is False
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#allowed-hosts
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# On Unix systems, a value of None will cause Django to use the same
# timezone as the operating system.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

# If you set this to True, Django will use timezone-aware datetimes.
USE_TZ = True

# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = "en"

# Supported languages
LANGUAGES = (
    ('en', _('English')),
)

# A boolean that turns on/off debug mode. When set to ``True``, stack traces
# are displayed for error pages. Should always be set to ``False`` in
# production. Best set to ``True`` in local_settings.py
DEBUG = False

# Whether a user's session cookie expires when the Web browser is closed.
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = True

SITE_ID = 1

# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = False

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ("mezzanine.core.auth_backends.MezzanineBackend",)

# The numeric mode to set newly-uploaded files to. The value should be
# a mode you'd pass directly to os.chmod.
FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS = 0o644


#############
# DATABASES #
#############

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        # Add "postgresql_psycopg2", "mysql", "sqlite3" or "oracle".
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.",
        # DB name or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        "NAME": "",
        # Not used with sqlite3.
        "USER": "",
        # Not used with sqlite3.
        "PASSWORD": "",
        # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
        "HOST": "",
        # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
        "PORT": "",
    }
}


#########
# PATHS #
#########

# Full filesystem path to the project.
PROJECT_APP_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
PROJECT_APP = os.path.basename(PROJECT_APP_PATH)
PROJECT_ROOT = BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(PROJECT_APP_PATH)

# Every cache key will get prefixed with this value - here we set it to
# the name of the directory the project is in to try and use something
# project specific.
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX = PROJECT_APP

# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_URL = "/static/"

# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, STATIC_URL.strip("/"))

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com/media/", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = STATIC_URL + "media/"

# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, *MEDIA_URL.strip("/").split("/"))

# Package/module name to import the root urlpatterns from for the project.
ROOT_URLCONF = "%s.urls" % PROJECT_APP

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
        "DIRS": [
            os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, "templates")
        ],
        "OPTIONS": {
            "context_processors": [
                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
                "django.template.context_processors.i18n",
                "django.template.context_processors.static",
                "django.template.context_processors.media",
                "django.template.context_processors.request",
                "django.template.context_processors.tz",
                "mezzanine.conf.context_processors.settings",
                "mezzanine.pages.context_processors.page",
            ],
            "builtins": [
                "mezzanine.template.loader_tags",
            ],
            "loaders": [
                "mezzanine.template.loaders.host_themes.Loader",
                "django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader",
                "django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader",
            ]
        },
    },
]

if DJANGO_VERSION < (1, 9):
    del TEMPLATES[0]["OPTIONS"]["builtins"]


################
# APPLICATIONS #
################

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.redirects",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.sites",
    "django.contrib.sitemaps",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "moderna",
    "mezzanine.boot",
    "mezzanine.conf",
    "mezzanine.core",
    "mezzanine.generic",
    "mezzanine.pages",
    "mezzanine.blog",
    "mezzanine.forms",
    "mezzanine.galleries",
    "mezzanine.twitter",
    # "mezzanine.accounts",
)

# List of middleware classes to use. Order is important; in the request phase,
# these middleware classes will be applied in the order given, and in the
# response phase the middleware will be applied in reverse order.
MIDDLEWARE = (
    "mezzanine.core.middleware.UpdateCacheMiddleware",

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    # Uncomment if using internationalisation or localisation
    # 'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

    "mezzanine.core.request.CurrentRequestMiddleware",
    "mezzanine.core.middleware.RedirectFallbackMiddleware",
    "mezzanine.core.middleware.AdminLoginInterfaceSelectorMiddleware",
    "mezzanine.core.middleware.SitePermissionMiddleware",
    "mezzanine.pages.middleware.PageMiddleware",
    "mezzanine.core.middleware.FetchFromCacheMiddleware",
)

if DJANGO_VERSION < (1, 10):
    MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = MIDDLEWARE
    del MIDDLEWARE


# Store these package names here as they may change in the future since
# at the moment we are using custom forks of them.
PACKAGE_NAME_FILEBROWSER = "filebrowser_safe"
PACKAGE_NAME_GRAPPELLI = "grappelli_safe"

#########################
# OPTIONAL APPLICATIONS #
#########################

# These will be added to ``INSTALLED_APPS``, only if available.
OPTIONAL_APPS = (
    "debug_toolbar",
    "django_extensions",
    "compressor",
    PACKAGE_NAME_FILEBROWSER,
    PACKAGE_NAME_GRAPPELLI,
)

##################
# LOCAL SETTINGS #
##################

# Allow any settings to be defined in local_settings.py which should be
# ignored in your version control system allowing for settings to be
# defined per machine.

# Instead of doing "from .local_settings import *", we use exec so that
# local_settings has full access to everything defined in this module.
# Also force into sys.modules so it's visible to Django's autoreload.

f = os.path.join(PROJECT_APP_PATH, "local_settings.py")
if os.path.exists(f):
    import sys
    import imp
    module_name = "%s.local_settings" % PROJECT_APP
    module = imp.new_module(module_name)
    module.__file__ = f
    sys.modules[module_name] = module
    exec(open(f, "rb").read())


####################
# DYNAMIC SETTINGS #
####################

# set_dynamic_settings() will rewrite globals based on what has been
# defined so far, in order to provide some better defaults where
# applicable. We also allow this settings module to be imported
# without Mezzanine installed, as the case may be when using the
# fabfile, where setting the dynamic settings below isn't strictly
# required.
try:
    from mezzanine.utils.conf import set_dynamic_settings
except ImportError:
    pass
else:
    set_dynamic_settings(globals())

7-2 從新整理畫面

8. 讓Mezzanine承接自己的意圖
8-1 打開urls.py程式 ，瞭解視圖(views)程式是來自mezzanine.core.views中的direct_to_template函式。

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from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
from django.contrib import admin
from django.views.i18n import set_language

from mezzanine.core.views import direct_to_template
from mezzanine.conf import settings

# Uncomment to use blog as home page. See also urlpatterns section below.
# from mezzanine.blog import views as blog_views

admin.autodiscover()

# Add the urlpatterns for any custom Django applications here.
# You can also change the ``home`` view to add your own functionality
# to the project's homepage.

urlpatterns = i18n_patterns(
    # Change the admin prefix here to use an alternate URL for the
    # admin interface, which would be marginally more secure.
    url("^admin/", include(admin.site.urls)),
)

if settings.USE_MODELTRANSLATION:
    urlpatterns += [
        url('^i18n/$', set_language, name='set_language'),
    ]

urlpatterns += [
    # We don't want to presume how your homepage works, so here are a
    # few patterns you can use to set it up.

    # HOMEPAGE AS STATIC TEMPLATE
    # ---------------------------
    # This pattern simply loads the index.html template. It isn't
    # commented out like the others, so it's the default. You only need
    # one homepage pattern, so if you use a different one, comment this
    # one out.

    url("^$", direct_to_template, {"template": "index.html"}, name="home"),

    # HOMEPAGE AS AN EDITABLE PAGE IN THE PAGE TREE
    # ---------------------------------------------
    # This pattern gives us a normal ``Page`` object, so that your
    # homepage can be managed via the page tree in the admin. If you
    # use this pattern, you'll need to create a page in the page tree,
    # and specify its URL (in the Meta Data section) as "/", which
    # is the value used below in the ``{"slug": "/"}`` part.
    # Also note that the normal rule of adding a custom
    # template per page with the template name using the page's slug
    # doesn't apply here, since we can't have a template called
    # "/.html" - so for this case, the template "pages/index.html"
    # should be used if you want to customize the homepage's template.
    # NOTE: Don't forget to import the view function too!

    # url("^$", mezzanine.pages.views.page, {"slug": "/"}, name="home"),

    # HOMEPAGE FOR A BLOG-ONLY SITE
    # -----------------------------
    # This pattern points the homepage to the blog post listing page,
    # and is useful for sites that are primarily blogs. If you use this
    # pattern, you'll also need to set BLOG_SLUG = "" in your
    # ``settings.py`` module, and delete the blog page object from the
    # page tree in the admin if it was installed.
    # NOTE: Don't forget to import the view function too!

    # url("^$", blog_views.blog_post_list, name="home"),

    # MEZZANINE'S URLS
    # ----------------
    # ADD YOUR OWN URLPATTERNS *ABOVE* THE LINE BELOW.
    # ``mezzanine.urls`` INCLUDES A *CATCH ALL* PATTERN
    # FOR PAGES, SO URLPATTERNS ADDED BELOW ``mezzanine.urls``
    # WILL NEVER BE MATCHED!

    # If you'd like more granular control over the patterns in
    # ``mezzanine.urls``, go right ahead and take the parts you want
    # from it, and use them directly below instead of using
    # ``mezzanine.urls``.
    url("^", include("mezzanine.urls")),

    # MOUNTING MEZZANINE UNDER A PREFIX
    # ---------------------------------
    # You can also mount all of Mezzanine's urlpatterns under a
    # URL prefix if desired. When doing this, you need to define the
    # ``SITE_PREFIX`` setting, which will contain the prefix. Eg:
    # SITE_PREFIX = "my/site/prefix"
    # For convenience, and to avoid repeating the prefix, use the
    # commented out pattern below (commenting out the one above of course)
    # which will make use of the ``SITE_PREFIX`` setting. Make sure to
    # add the import ``from django.conf import settings`` to the top
    # of this file as well.
    # Note that for any of the various homepage patterns above, you'll
    # need to use the ``SITE_PREFIX`` setting as well.

    # ("^%s/" % settings.SITE_PREFIX, include("mezzanine.urls"))

]

# Adds ``STATIC_URL`` to the context of error pages, so that error
# pages can use JS, CSS and images.
handler404 = "mezzanine.core.views.page_not_found"
handler500 = "mezzanine.core.views.server_error"

8-2 找出mezzanine.core.views中的direct_to_template函式的位置，我們建置npf虛擬環境，因此我們可以在Envs\npf\Lib\site-packages\mezzanine\core目錄下，發現views.py。打開mezzanine.core.views.pypy在第67-77行，就可以看到direct_to_template函式。

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from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from future.builtins import int, open, str

import os
import mimetypes

from json import dumps

from django.template.response import TemplateResponse

try:
    from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
except ImportError:
    from urlparse import urljoin, urlparse

from django.apps import apps
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.admin.views.decorators import staff_member_required
from django.contrib.admin.options import ModelAdmin
from django.contrib.staticfiles import finders
from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.http import (HttpResponse, HttpResponseServerError,
                         HttpResponseNotFound)
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.template.loader import get_template
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.views.decorators.csrf import requires_csrf_token

from mezzanine.conf import settings
from mezzanine.core.forms import get_edit_form
from mezzanine.core.models import Displayable, SitePermission
from mezzanine.utils.views import is_editable, paginate
from mezzanine.utils.sites import has_site_permission
from mezzanine.utils.urls import next_url


mimetypes.init()


@staff_member_required
def set_site(request):
    """
    Put the selected site ID into the session - posted to from
    the "Select site" drop-down in the header of the admin. The
    site ID is then used in favour of the current request's
    domain in ``mezzanine.core.managers.CurrentSiteManager``.
    """
    site_id = int(request.GET["site_id"])
    if not request.user.is_superuser:
        try:
            SitePermission.objects.get(user=request.user, sites=site_id)
        except SitePermission.DoesNotExist:
            raise PermissionDenied
    request.session["site_id"] = site_id
    admin_url = reverse("admin:index")
    next = next_url(request) or admin_url
    # Don't redirect to a change view for an object that won't exist
    # on the selected site - go to its list view instead.
    if next.startswith(admin_url):
        parts = next.split("/")
        if len(parts) > 4 and parts[4].isdigit():
            next = "/".join(parts[:4])
    return redirect(next)


def direct_to_template(request, template, extra_context=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Replacement for Django's ``direct_to_template`` that uses
    ``TemplateResponse`` via ``mezzanine.utils.views.render``.
    """
    context = extra_context or {}
    context["params"] = kwargs
    for (key, value) in context.items():
        if callable(value):
            context[key] = value()
    return TemplateResponse(request, template, context)


@staff_member_required
def edit(request):
    """
    Process the inline editing form.
    """
    model = apps.get_model(request.POST["app"], request.POST["model"])
    obj = model.objects.get(id=request.POST["id"])
    form = get_edit_form(obj, request.POST["fields"], data=request.POST,
                         files=request.FILES)
    if not (is_editable(obj, request) and has_site_permission(request.user)):
        response = _("Permission denied")
    elif form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        model_admin = ModelAdmin(model, admin.site)
        message = model_admin.construct_change_message(request, form, None)
        model_admin.log_change(request, obj, message)
        response = ""
    else:
        response = list(form.errors.values())[0][0]
    return HttpResponse(response)


def search(request, template="search_results.html", extra_context=None):
    """
    Display search results. Takes an optional "contenttype" GET parameter
    in the form "app-name.ModelName" to limit search results to a single model.
    """
    query = request.GET.get("q", "")
    page = request.GET.get("page", 1)
    per_page = settings.SEARCH_PER_PAGE
    max_paging_links = settings.MAX_PAGING_LINKS
    try:
        parts = request.GET.get("type", "").split(".", 1)
        search_model = apps.get_model(*parts)
        search_model.objects.search  # Attribute check
    except (ValueError, TypeError, LookupError, AttributeError):
        search_model = Displayable
        search_type = _("Everything")
    else:
        search_type = search_model._meta.verbose_name_plural.capitalize()
    results = search_model.objects.search(query, for_user=request.user)
    paginated = paginate(results, page, per_page, max_paging_links)
    context = {"query": query, "results": paginated,
               "search_type": search_type}
    context.update(extra_context or {})
    return TemplateResponse(request, template, context)


@staff_member_required
def static_proxy(request):
    """
    Serves TinyMCE plugins inside the inline popups and the uploadify
    SWF, as these are normally static files, and will break with
    cross-domain JavaScript errors if ``STATIC_URL`` is an external
    host. URL for the file is passed in via querystring in the inline
    popup plugin template, and we then attempt to pull out the relative
    path to the file, so that we can serve it locally via Django.
    """
    normalize = lambda u: ("//" + u.split("://")[-1]) if "://" in u else u
    url = normalize(request.GET["u"])
    host = "//" + request.get_host()
    static_url = normalize(settings.STATIC_URL)
    for prefix in (host, static_url, "/"):
        if url.startswith(prefix):
            url = url.replace(prefix, "", 1)
    response = ""
    (content_type, encoding) = mimetypes.guess_type(url)
    if content_type is None:
        content_type = "application/octet-stream"
    path = finders.find(url)
    if path:
        if isinstance(path, (list, tuple)):
            path = path[0]
        if url.endswith(".htm"):
            # Inject <base href="{{ STATIC_URL }}"> into TinyMCE
            # plugins, since the path static files in these won't be
            # on the same domain.
            static_url = settings.STATIC_URL + os.path.split(url)[0] + "/"
            if not urlparse(static_url).scheme:
                static_url = urljoin(host, static_url)
            base_tag = "<base href='%s'>" % static_url
            with open(path, "r") as f:
                response = f.read().replace("<head>", "<head>" + base_tag)
        else:
            try:
                with open(path, "rb") as f:
                    response = f.read()
            except IOError:
                return HttpResponseNotFound()
    return HttpResponse(response, content_type=content_type)


def displayable_links_js(request):
    """
    Renders a list of url/title pairs for all ``Displayable`` subclass
    instances into JSON that's used to populate a list of links in
    TinyMCE.
    """
    links = []
    if "mezzanine.pages" in settings.INSTALLED_APPS:
        from mezzanine.pages.models import Page
        is_page = lambda obj: isinstance(obj, Page)
    else:
        is_page = lambda obj: False
    # For each item's title, we use its model's verbose_name, but in the
    # case of Page subclasses, we just use "Page", and then sort the items
    # by whether they're a Page subclass or not, then by their URL.
    for url, obj in Displayable.objects.url_map(for_user=request.user).items():
        title = getattr(obj, "titles", obj.title)
        real = hasattr(obj, "id")
        page = is_page(obj)
        if real:
            verbose_name = _("Page") if page else obj._meta.verbose_name
            title = "%s: %s" % (verbose_name, title)
        links.append((not page and real, {"title": str(title), "value": url}))
    sorted_links = sorted(links, key=lambda link: (link[0], link[1]['value']))
    return HttpResponse(dumps([link[1] for link in sorted_links]))


@requires_csrf_token
def page_not_found(request, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Mimics Django's 404 handler but with a different template path.
    """
    context = {
        "STATIC_URL": settings.STATIC_URL,
        "request_path": request.path,
    }
    t = get_template(kwargs.get("template_name", "errors/404.html"))
    return HttpResponseNotFound(t.render(context, request))


@requires_csrf_token
def server_error(request, template_name="errors/500.html"):
    """
    Mimics Django's error handler but adds ``STATIC_URL`` to the
    context.
    """
    context = {"STATIC_URL": settings.STATIC_URL}
    t = get_template(template_name)
    return HttpResponseServerError(t.render(context, request))

8-3 找出npf/moderna/views.py，只有一行指令。把步驟8-2的程式第9行和67-77行，複製到步驟8-3的程式
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from django.shortcuts import render
from django.template.response import TemplateResponse

# Create your views here.

def direct_to_template(request, template, extra_context=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Replacement for Django's ``direct_to_template`` that uses
    ``TemplateResponse`` via ``mezzanine.utils.views.render``.
    """
    context = extra_context or {}
    context["params"] = kwargs
    for (key, value) in context.items():
        if callable(value):
            context[key] = value()
    return TemplateResponse(request, template, context)

8-4 修改urls.py程式，導引到自己的視圖程式的函式。

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from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
from django.contrib import admin
from django.views.i18n import set_language

from moderna.views import direct_to_template
from mezzanine.conf import settings

# Uncomment to use blog as home page. See also urlpatterns section below.
# from mezzanine.blog import views as blog_views

admin.autodiscover()

# Add the urlpatterns for any custom Django applications here.
# You can also change the ``home`` view to add your own functionality
# to the project's homepage.

urlpatterns = i18n_patterns(
    # Change the admin prefix here to use an alternate URL for the
    # admin interface, which would be marginally more secure.
    url("^admin/", include(admin.site.urls)),
)

if settings.USE_MODELTRANSLATION:
    urlpatterns += [
        url('^i18n/$', set_language, name='set_language'),
    ]

urlpatterns += [
    # We don't want to presume how your homepage works, so here are a
    # few patterns you can use to set it up.

    # HOMEPAGE AS STATIC TEMPLATE
    # ---------------------------
    # This pattern simply loads the index.html template. It isn't
    # commented out like the others, so it's the default. You only need
    # one homepage pattern, so if you use a different one, comment this
    # one out.

    url("^$", direct_to_template, {"template": "index.html"}, name="home"),

    # HOMEPAGE AS AN EDITABLE PAGE IN THE PAGE TREE
    # ---------------------------------------------
    # This pattern gives us a normal ``Page`` object, so that your
    # homepage can be managed via the page tree in the admin. If you
    # use this pattern, you'll need to create a page in the page tree,
    # and specify its URL (in the Meta Data section) as "/", which
    # is the value used below in the ``{"slug": "/"}`` part.
    # Also note that the normal rule of adding a custom
    # template per page with the template name using the page's slug
    # doesn't apply here, since we can't have a template called
    # "/.html" - so for this case, the template "pages/index.html"
    # should be used if you want to customize the homepage's template.
    # NOTE: Don't forget to import the view function too!

    # url("^$", mezzanine.pages.views.page, {"slug": "/"}, name="home"),

    # HOMEPAGE FOR A BLOG-ONLY SITE
    # -----------------------------
    # This pattern points the homepage to the blog post listing page,
    # and is useful for sites that are primarily blogs. If you use this
    # pattern, you'll also need to set BLOG_SLUG = "" in your
    # ``settings.py`` module, and delete the blog page object from the
    # page tree in the admin if it was installed.
    # NOTE: Don't forget to import the view function too!

    # url("^$", blog_views.blog_post_list, name="home"),

    # MEZZANINE'S URLS
    # ----------------
    # ADD YOUR OWN URLPATTERNS *ABOVE* THE LINE BELOW.
    # ``mezzanine.urls`` INCLUDES A *CATCH ALL* PATTERN
    # FOR PAGES, SO URLPATTERNS ADDED BELOW ``mezzanine.urls``
    # WILL NEVER BE MATCHED!

    # If you'd like more granular control over the patterns in
    # ``mezzanine.urls``, go right ahead and take the parts you want
    # from it, and use them directly below instead of using
    # ``mezzanine.urls``.
    url("^", include("mezzanine.urls")),

    # MOUNTING MEZZANINE UNDER A PREFIX
    # ---------------------------------
    # You can also mount all of Mezzanine's urlpatterns under a
    # URL prefix if desired. When doing this, you need to define the
    # ``SITE_PREFIX`` setting, which will contain the prefix. Eg:
    # SITE_PREFIX = "my/site/prefix"
    # For convenience, and to avoid repeating the prefix, use the
    # commented out pattern below (commenting out the one above of course)
    # which will make use of the ``SITE_PREFIX`` setting. Make sure to
    # add the import ``from django.conf import settings`` to the top
    # of this file as well.
    # Note that for any of the various homepage patterns above, you'll
    # need to use the ``SITE_PREFIX`` setting as well.

    # ("^%s/" % settings.SITE_PREFIX, include("mezzanine.urls"))

]

# Adds ``STATIC_URL`` to the context of error pages, so that error
# pages can use JS, CSS and images.
handler404 = "mezzanine.core.views.page_not_found"
handler500 = "mezzanine.core.views.server_error"

9. 在視圖程式中，撰寫讀取百香果交易行情的程式。(請參閱百香網誌：使用Python和Django設計百香果農產品交易行情網站)


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from django.shortcuts import render
from django.template.response import TemplateResponse

# Create your views here.
import requests
import json

def direct_to_template(request, template, extra_context=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Replacement for Django's ``direct_to_template`` that uses
    ``TemplateResponse`` via ``mezzanine.utils.views.render``.
    """
    context = extra_context or {}
    context["params"] = kwargs
    for (key, value) in context.items():
        if callable(value):
            context[key] = value()
    r = requests.get('https://data.coa.gov.tw/Service/OpenData/FromM/FarmTransData.aspx')
    fruits = json.loads(r.text)
    rows = []
    for row in fruits:
        if row['作物名稱'] is None:
            continue
        if '百香果' in row['作物名稱']:
            rows.append(row)

    return TemplateResponse(request, template, locals())
    #return TemplateResponse(request, template, context)

10.在樣版程式中選擇適當位置，插入百香果交易行情的模版程式。(請參閱百香網誌：使用Python和Django設計百香果農產品交易行情網站)
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{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load i18n  mezzanine_tags staticfiles%}
{% block meta_title %}{% trans "Home" %}{% endblock %}
{% block title %}{% trans "Home" %}{% endblock %}
{% block breadcrumb_wrapper %}
{% endblock %}

{% block title_wrapper %}
{% endblock %}

{% block breadcrumb_menu %}
<li class="active">{% trans "Home" %}</li>
{% endblock %}


{% block all_content %}
<section id="{% block section_id %}featured{% endblock %}">
{% block left_wrapper %}
{% endblock %}


{% block main_wrapper %}
<div class="col-md-{% block main_col_size %}none{% endblock %} {% block main_class %}{% endblock %}">
{% block main %}


<!-- start slider -->
	<div class="container">
		<div class="row">
			<div class="col-lg-12">
	<!-- Slider -->
        <div id="main-slider" class="flexslider">
            <ul class="slides">
              <li>
                <img src="{% static "img/slides/1.jpg" %}" alt="" />
                <div class="flex-caption">
                    <h3>Modern Design</h3> 
					<p>Duis fermentum auctor ligula ac malesuada. Mauris et metus odio, in pulvinar urna</p> 
					<a href="#" class="btn btn-theme">Learn More</a>
                </div>
              </li>
              <li>
                <img src="{% static "img/slides/2.jpg" %}" alt="" />
                <div class="flex-caption">
                    <h3>Fully Responsive</h3> 
					<p>Sodales neque vitae justo sollicitudin aliquet sit amet diam curabitur sed fermentum.</p> 
					<a href="#" class="btn btn-theme">Learn More</a>
                </div>
              </li>
              <li>
                <img src="{% static "img/slides/3.jpg" %}" alt="" />
                <div class="flex-caption">
                    <h3>Clean & Fast</h3> 
					<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit donec mer lacinia.</p> 
					<a href="#" class="btn btn-theme">Learn More</a>
                </div>
              </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
	<!-- end slider -->
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>	

{% endblock %}
</div>
{% endblock %}
{% block right_wrapper %}
{% endblock %}
</section>
<section class="callaction">
	<div class="container">
		<div class="row">
			<div class="col-lg-12">
				<div class="big-cta">
					<div class="cta-text">
						<h2><span>Moderna</span> Free Mezzanine Business theme</h2>
{% for row in rows %}
{% if forloop.first %}
<table style='width:100%' border='1'>
<caption><h2>百香果市場交易情形</h2></caption>
<tr><th>交易日期</th><th>作物代號</th><th>作物名稱</th><th>市場代碼</th><th>市場名稱</th><th>上價</th><th>中價</th><th>下價</th><th>平均價</th><th>交易量</th></tr>
{% endif %}
<tr>
<td><center>{{ row.交易日期 }}</center></td>
<td><center>{{ row.作物代號 }}</center></td>
<td><center>{{ row.作物名稱 }}</center></td>
<td><center>{{ row.市場代號 }}</center></td>
<td><center>{{ row.市場名稱 }}</center></td>
<td><center>{{ row.上價 }}</center></td>
<td><center>{{ row.中價 }}</center></td>
<td><center>{{ row.下價 }}</center></td>
<td><center>{{ row.平均價 }}</center></td>
<td><center>{{ row.交易量 }}</center></td>
</tr>
{% if forloop.last %}
</table>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}						
					</div>
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
	</section>
<section id="content">
	<div class="container">
		<div class="row">
			<div class="col-lg-12">
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-lg-3">
						<div class="box">
							<div class="box-gray aligncenter">
								<h4>Fully responsive</h4>
								<div class="icon">
								<i class="fa fa-desktop fa-3x"></i>
								</div>
								<p class="">
								 Voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium sprea totam rem aperiam.
								</p>
									
							</div>
							<div class="box-bottom">
								<a href="#">Learn more</a>
							</div>
						</div>
					</div>
					<div class="col-lg-3">
						<div class="box">
							<div class="box-gray aligncenter">
								<h4>Modern Style</h4>
								<div class="icon">
								<i class="fa fa-pagelines fa-3x"></i>
								</div>
								<p>
								 Voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium sprea totam rem aperiam.
								</p>
									
							</div>
							<div class="box-bottom">
								<a href="#">Learn more</a>
							</div>
						</div>
					</div>
					<div class="col-lg-3">
						<div class="box">
							<div class="box-gray aligncenter">
								<h4>Customizable</h4>
								<div class="icon">
								<i class="fa fa-edit fa-3x"></i>
								</div>
								<p>
								 Voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium sprea totam rem aperiam.
								</p>
									
							</div>
							<div class="box-bottom">
								<a href="#">Learn more</a>
							</div>
						</div>
					</div>
					<div class="col-lg-3">
						<div class="box">
							<div class="box-gray aligncenter">
								<h4>Valid HTML5</h4>
								<div class="icon">
								<i class="fa fa-code fa-3x"></i>
								</div>
								<p>
								 Voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium sprea totam rem aperiam.
								</p>
									
							</div>
							<div class="box-bottom">
								<a href="#">Learn more</a>
							</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>
		<!-- divider -->
		<div class="row">
			<div class="col-lg-12">
				<div class="solidline">
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>
		<!-- end divider -->
		<!-- Portfolio Projects -->
		<div class="row">
			<div class="col-lg-12">
				<h4 class="heading">Recent Works</h4>
				<div class="row">
					<section id="projects">
					<ul class="portfolio" id="thumbs">
						<!-- Item Project and Filter Name -->
						<li data-type="web" data-id="id-0" class="col-lg-3 design">
						<div class="item-thumbs">
						<!-- Fancybox - Gallery Enabled - Title - Full Image -->
						<a href="{% static "img/works/1.jpg" %}" title="Work 1" data-fancybox-group="gallery" class="hover-wrap fancybox">
						<span class="overlay-img"></span>
						<span class="overlay-img-thumb font-icon-plus"></span>
						</a>
						<!-- Thumb Image and Description -->
						<img alt="Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Phasellus quis elementum odio. Curabitur pellentesque, dolor vel pharetra mollis." src="{% static "img/works/1.jpg" %}">
						</div>
						</li>
						<!-- End Item Project -->
						<!-- Item Project and Filter Name -->
						<li data-type="icon" data-id="id-1" class="item-thumbs col-lg-3 design">
						<!-- Fancybox - Gallery Enabled - Title - Full Image -->
						<a href="{% static "img/works/2.jpg" %}" title="Work 2" data-fancybox-group="gallery" class="hover-wrap fancybox">
						<span class="overlay-img"></span>
						<span class="overlay-img-thumb font-icon-plus"></span>
						</a>
						<!-- Thumb Image and Description -->
						<img alt="Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Phasellus quis elementum odio. Curabitur pellentesque, dolor vel pharetra mollis." src="{% static "img/works/2.jpg" %}">
						</li>
						<!-- End Item Project -->
						<!-- Item Project and Filter Name -->
						<li data-type="illustrator" data-id="id-2" class="item-thumbs col-lg-3 photography">
						<!-- Fancybox - Gallery Enabled - Title - Full Image -->
						<a href="{% static "img/works/3.jpg" %}" title="Work 3" data-fancybox-group="gallery" class="hover-wrap fancybox">
						<span class="overlay-img"></span>
						<span class="overlay-img-thumb font-icon-plus"></span>
						</a>
						<!-- Thumb Image and Description -->
						<img alt="Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Phasellus quis elementum odio. Curabitur pellentesque, dolor vel pharetra mollis." src="{% static "img/works/3.jpg" %}">
						</li>
						<!-- End Item Project -->
						<!-- Item Project and Filter Name -->
						<li data-type="illustrator" data-id="id-2" class="item-thumbs col-lg-3 photography">
						<!-- Fancybox - Gallery Enabled - Title - Full Image -->
						<a href="{% static "img/works/4.jpg" %}" title="Work 4" data-fancybox-group="gallery" class="hover-wrap fancybox">
						<span class="overlay-img"></span>
						<span class="overlay-img-thumb font-icon-plus"></span>
						</a>
						<!-- Thumb Image and Description -->
						<img alt="Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Phasellus quis elementum odio. Curabitur pellentesque, dolor vel pharetra mollis." src="{% static "img/works/4.jpg" %}">
						</li>
						<!-- End Item Project -->
					</ul>
					</section>
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>

	</div>
	</section>

{% endblock %}

重新整理就可看到畫面

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